Book Index

Buddah: on the Dharmas, 113; Indra's appearance before, 109; meaning of term, 185 – 186; Perfections, 186-200; prophecy of, 227n; Ta-chueh, 163; three bodies of, 223n

Buddha Amida, reciting name of, 76, 123, 124, 125

Buddha Maitreya, 227n

Buddha Sakyamuni, 227n

Buddhahood (Atman), 36, 54, 159; meditation and, 9, 185-219, 233-235n; and human thinking patterns, 185-200

Buddhist Bible (Goddard), 222n

Chakras (centers of the body), 209

"Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in China" (Ho Shih), 230, 232

Ch'an Chi (Meditation Assembly), 125-126

Ch'an kuan tse chin (Exhortation on the Advance, Through Ch'an Gates), 231n

Ch'an Yuan Meng Chiao, 223n

Chang (surname), 225n

Chang Chen-chi, 204, 235n

Chang Chin, 51

Chang Lu, 142 Chang Wu Yuen, 90

Ch'ans (Dhyanas), see Samadhi

Chao Chou, Master, 17, 21, 24, 26, 32-33, 36, 40, 49, 51, 71, 72, 98, 99-100, 151, 174, 230n

Chen Chi Jen, 94

Chen Wei Shih Lun (Hsuan Chuang), 168

Cheng wu (realization-Wu), 116, 117-118

Cheng-chueh (Sambodhi), 162

Chi feng, defined, 35

Chi feng wen ta (crucial-verbal-contest), 35-39

Chiao (The Doctrine), 227n

Chieh wu (understanding-Wu), 116

Chien, 51-54

Chih (self-awareness), 168-169

Chih I, Master, 205

Chi shi (stopping the breath), 204

Chih Yueh Lu, 223n

Chin, 116, 232n

Chin of Huai Shang, 142, 143

Chin lu (contemplation in quietude), 202

Chin Shan (Golden Mountain) Monastery. 75, 81-82

Chin so yu chih ("The Wisdom of Knowing All"), 187

Chin Tsu Monastery, 146, 154

Ching Liang, Master, 124, 134-135

Chiu Feng, 14, 59-60, 223n

Chu Chou, 145

Chuang Tzu, 187

Chuang Yuan (champion scholars), 121, 228n

Chueh (Bodhi), 102, 153, 162, 163, 23On

Chung Lao Tze, 143

Circle-running exercise, 75, 77

"Cold Fountain and the Ancient Stream, The" (koan), 233

Conceptualization: danger of, 86-57, 96; Zen objections to, 158-159

Concentrating on-one-point meditation (i nien), 112113, 208-209

"Confucian scholar" (proverb), 188

Congregation-for-Dharma, 137-138

Consciousness, Pure, 43

Consciousnesses, see Eight

Consciousnesses Contemplation in quietude (chin lu), 202

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D through F

Daie Soko, see Tsung Kao, Master

Dead remarks (ssu chu), 226n

Dharma, 20, 32, 93, 96, 102, 113, 144, 146, 155, 165, 231n

Dharmadhatu, 159, 193, 233n

Dharmakaya, 58, 87, 223n

Dharmapala, four-portion theory of, 231-232n

Dhyanas (Ch'ans), 11, 75, 96, 166, 227n; See also Samadhi

"Diamond Seat, The," 135, 229

Diamond Sutra, 22, 69, 70

Diamond Vehicle (Vajrayana), 172

"Doctrine, The" (Chiao), 227n

"Domain of Desires, The," 227n

"Domain of Form, The," 227n

"Domain of Non-Form, The," 227n

Doubt-mass (I-t'uan), 225n

Doubt-sensation (I chin), 94-95, 96, 97, 99, 101-111, 150-151, 154, 225n

"Drawing the Bow After the Thief Had Left" (koan), 233n

Ego (Seventh) Consciousness, 83, 84, 230n

Eight Consciousnesses, 83-84, 117, 168, 222n

Eight Negations, 173, 232-233n

Eight Worldly Winds, 32, 22In

Elucidation of the Hidden Profundity Sutra, 235n

Enlightenment, 8, 11, 15, 60, 63, 75, 90, 94, 156, 170, 220n

Eno, see Hui Neng

Esoteric Teachings from the Tibetan Tantra (Chang Chen-chi), 235n

Essence of Buddhism, The (Suzuki), 221 n. 229n, 233n

Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy, The (Takakusa), 231-232n

Essence of the sentence, 164, 23 In

Evans-Wentz, W. Y., 204, 215, 224n, 234n

Examinations, national, 228n

Expression, styles of, 13-14; Explicit-Affirmative koans, 17-21; groups of, 17; Impenetrable-type koans, 17, 23-26; Implicit-Negative koans, 21-23

Fa Hua Sutra. 126

Fa Kuang, Master, 128-129, 132

Fa Yan, 46, 154, 230n

Fa Yen sect, 63

Ferry Monk's koan, 98

Fifth Patriarch, see Hung Jeng Five Positions of the King and the Minister, 163

"Five Ranks of the Lord and Vassal, The" (Wu Wei Chun Ch'eng), 183

Five Skandhas, 100

Flexible hollowness (yung huo), 97-98, 226n

Fo Ying, 31-32

"Following the Breath," 206

Four Distinctions of Lin Chi, 163, 175-184

"Four Unlimited Thoughts, The," 213-214

Fu Ta Shih, 16

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G through K

Garland Sutra (Hua Yen Chin), 221n

Gautama Sakyamuni, see Buddha Gensha, see Hsuan Sha

Goddard, Dwight, 222n

Golden Mountain (Chin Shan) Monastery, 75, 81-82

Good will, meditation through, 213-214

Goso Hoen, see Fa Yan

Great Buddhist Dictionary, The (Ting Fu Pao), 226n

Great Ear Tripitaka (monk), 47-48

Great Perfect Wisdom Sutra, 75

"Great Revival, The" (Ta Huo), 225n

Gunin, see Hung Jen

Hai yin san mei (Ocean-seal Samadhi), 149, 229n

Han Shan, Master, 8, 111-142

Heart Sutras, 70

High Heaven (Kao Ming) Monastery, 75, 78

Hinayana Buddhism, 226-227n

Horizontal Wisdom, 186-187

Hsi Lin, Master, 122

Hsiang, 42-44

Hsiang, Lin, 14

Hsiang, Yen, 143, 159

Hsieh Kuo Jan, 93

Hsien hsing (bringing-into-play), 216

Hsin tsung (Mind Doctrine), see Zen Buddhism

Hsing, 51-54

Hsing Ssu, 63

Hsiu, Brother, 146-147

Hsiung Hsu Ya, 93

Hsu Shou Yuan, 90-91

Hsu Tun Li, 86-87, 89-90

Hsu Yun, Master, 8, 70; Discourses of, 72-85, 222n

Hsuan Chuang, 168, 232n

Hsuan Sha, 100-101

Hsueh Feng, 174

Hsueh Yen, Master, 152, 154, 155, 164-165, 166; "Advance on Meditation," 164; autobiography of, 144-148 Hsuen Lang, 131

Hu Nan Province, 54-56

Hua chin, 226n

Hua Yen philosophy, 41, 123-124, 134, 138, 193, 221n, 229n; on ultimate truth, 158-159

Huai Shi, 142

Huang Po, Master. 18, 26, 2729, 58-59, 66-67, 83, 174, 182-183

Huang Po Cheng, 86, 89

Huang Tsao, 56

Hui Chung, Master, 25-26, 47-48, 51

Hui Ming, 20

Hui Neng, 15, 20-21, 23, 3738, 63, 66-67, 75-76. 169, 174, 230n

Human thought, patterns of, 189-196

Hung Chih, 68

Hung Chou, 27

Hung Jeng, 230n

Huo chu, 110, 226n

Hyakujo, see Pai Chang

I chin (doubt-sensation), 94-95, 96, 97, 99, 101-111, 150-151, 154, 225n

I nien (concentrating on-one-point), 112-113, 208-209

I se Pien Shih ("One Form"), 59, 223n I Shan, 21-22

I tzu chueh (One-Word Instruction), 213

I Yang sect, 63

Incantations, intoning of, 211 – 212

Indra (god), 109

Introduction to Zen Buddhism, An (Suzuki), 223n

Isan Reiyu, see I Shan

I-t'uan (doubt-mass), 225n

Jhana, see Zen Buddhism

Jinne, see Shen Hui

Jinshu, see Shen Hsiu

Joshu, see Chao Chou

Ju shih mi shou, 65

Ju so yu chih ("The Wisdom of Knowing the Thing as It Is"), 186-187

Kagyutpa (Bkah-rgyud-pa) school, 160

Kakuan, 173n

Kao Feng, Master, 80-S1, 152-155

Kao Ming (High Heaven) Monastery, 75, 78

Klesas (passions or desires), 230n

Koan (kung-en, Hua Tou), 17-26, 231n; attitude toward supernatural, 58-60; decoding, 13-14; Enlightenment and, 49-51; explicit-affirmative, 17; Ferry Monk's, 98; four distinctions of Lin Chi, 175; impenetrable type, 17; implicit-negative, 17; meaning of, 17, 70-71, 220n; practicing Zen through, 70-72; system of, 225n; wu and, 71, 72

Koan (Hua Tou) exercises,

popularity of, 66

Konin, see Hung Jeng Ku Chan of Chin Tien, Master, 151

K'uei Chi, 170 Kundalini (life force), 213

Kung-an, see Koan Kuo Tze I, Prime Minister, 30-31

Kwan Yin (god), 118, 120, 123

Kwan Yin Yuan Tung (Miraculous Understanding of Avalokitesvara), 130, 229n

Kwung Chou Mountain, 144

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L through O

Law of Causation (Karma), 29-30, 149

"Leaving no Trace" (Ferry Monk's koan), 98

Lee (surname), 225n

Lee Hsien Chen, 85-86

Lee Wen Hoo, 90

Leng Yen (Surangama) Sutra, 109, 131, 139

Li (Principle, Troth), 107, 110

Li (reality), 52

Life of Chung Feng, 123

Life force (kundalini), 213

Li-lung (black dragon), 229n

Li wong, 223-224n

Lin Chi, 22-23, 27-29, 56-57, 66-67, 161; Discourse of, 176-178; "Four Distinctions" of, 175-184

Lin Chi (Rinzai) sect, 63, 65-67

Lin Yin Monastery, 145

Ling Chien Lu, 226n

Live remark (huo chu), 110, 226n

Lotus Sutra, 96, 140

Lu Han Mountain, 144

Lu Lung Li, 91

Lu Miao Fa Men (The Six Wondrous Entrances to Enlightenment), 205

Lu Shun Yuan, 87-88

Lung Tan, Master, 27

Lung Ya, 14

Ma Ku, 22-23, 181

Madhyamika School, Zen and, 171-175

Mahakasyapa, 74, 75, 149, 182

Mahamudra, 64, 160, 224n, 230n

Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, 70

Mahayana Buddhism, 12, 167-171, 188, 191, 193, 199-200, 226-227n

Maitreya Bodhisattva, 136, 229n

Mandala, 211, 235n

Mantrams (holy incantations), 115-116; meditation through, 211-212

Master of Men and Heaven, The (title), 122, 228n

Master of Silence (fraudulent monk), 33-35

Maya, 197

Meditation: basic characteristics of Samadhi, 202-204; breathing exercises, 204-208; Buddhahood and, 9, 185-219, 233-235n; concentrating mind on one point, 208-209; devotional thoughts, 213-214; distracting thoughts and, 216; First Stage, 215-217; Mantram Yoga, 211-212; and patterns of human thought, 189-196; of Pure Land School, 108; Second Stage, 217-219; serene-reflection (mo chao), 67-70; Seven Different Types, 204-215; survey of the practice, 200-219; Three Successive Stages, 215-219; through movement, 212-213; through visualization, 209-211; Yogacara school, 170

Meditation Assembly (Ch'an Chi), 125-126

Meditation seats, 88, 225n

Meditators' House (Par Pong Lamasary), 217-218

Meng Shan, Master, 148, 154, 166

Miao Feng, 126-130, 134-135, 138, 139

Miao Kao Feng, 164

Middle Way, 172

Mind, aspects of, 41-48, 172-175

Mind Doctrine (hsin tsung), see Zen Buddhism

Mind, Essence of (ti), 44 – 48

Mind Essence, meditation through, 214-215

Mind-essence Practice, 172

Mind-only (Vijnaptimatra) philosophy, 168

Mind, organ of, 230n

Mind – the Source of All Dharma (Tsu Yuan), 178

Minds and outer objects (chin), 116

Ming Che, 38-39

Miraculous powers, Enlightenment and, 59

Miraculous Understanding of Avalokitesvara (Kwan Yin Yuan Tung), 130, 229n

"Mirror of Long Yen, The" (Han Shan), 139

Mo chao ch'an (serene-reflection), 67-70

Moksha (Nirvana), 36

Mount Ching Liang, 54-56

Movement, meditation through, 212-213

Movement, Primordial (tai-chi), 212

Nan Chuan (Nansen), 17-18, 22, 49, 79; monastery of, 24

Nanyo Echu, see Hui Chung, Master

Naropa, 160

Nirmanakaya, 223n

Nirvana, 36, 43-44, 74, 88, 171, 203, 227n, 230n

No-birth, Essence of, 37, 38, 221n

No-birth, 22In

No-mind (wu lisin), 86

Non-abiding Middle Way Doctrine, 44

Non-ego, theory of (anatman), 171

"Non-form, The Domain of," 227(1

"Not to speak too plainly" (pu-shuo po), 161, 230n

Nothing/Nothingness (Wu), 69, 72, 73, 142, 224n, 229n

No-thought, tranquility of (wu nien), 69

Not-Doing, teaching of (Wu Wei), 73

Obaku, see Huang Po, Master

Observation, defined, 76

Observation of mind in tranquility, 67-70

"Observation on the Mind-only Doctrine in Five Steps," 170

Observation Practice, 206-207

Ocean-seal Samadhi (Hai yin san mei), 149, 229n

"One Form" (I se Pien Shih), 59, 223n

One thought (i nien), concentration on, 112-113, 208-209

One-Word Instruction (I izu chueh), 213

Ox, subduing the, 129, 228n

Oxherding Pictures, 163

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P through S

Pai Chang, 19-20, 21-22, 2930, 53

Pang Wen, 54, 58

Pao En, monastery of, 122

Pao Fang, Master, 98

Pao Kuang (Precious Light) Monastery, 75

Par Pong Lamasary, 217-218

Phoenix, the, 220n

Plain feeling, Zen and, 12-13

Po Shan, Master, 8, 51, 94-111, 225n

Practice (hsing), 51-54

Prajna, 112, 153, 196; power of, 149

Prajna, 168-169, 196

Prajna of Eight Thousand Verses, 70

Prajnaparamita, 194, 197,219, 224n, meditation of, 69; Zen and, 172-175

Prajnaparamita-hrdaya Sutra, 175, 233n

Prajnaparamita Sutras, 70

Prajna-Truth, 15-41, 173, 179

Prana, 204, 234n

Precious Light (Pao Kuang) Monastery, 75

Primordial Movement, 212 – 213

Primordiality (Tai-chi), 212

Principle (Li), 107, 110

"Principle, The" (Tsung), 226-227/t

"Principle of the Identicalness of Mind and Prana," 204-208

Principle of the Three, 163

Protector-of-Dharma, 218

Pseudo-Zen experiences, 73-79

Pu Hua, Master, 56-58

Pu Yuan, Master, 40

Pure Consciousness, 43

Pure Land School, 76, 108

Purity Practice (in breathing exercises), 207

Pu-shuo-po (not to speak too plainly), 161, 230n

Rationalization, dangers of, 96-97

Reality, 51-54

Realization-Wu (cheng wu), 116, 117-118

Realizing the Count of Breath (in breathing exercises), 206

Red Nose, 166

"Resembling-Wu," 116

Returning Practice (in breathing exercises), 207

Rinzai, see Lin Chi Rinzai (Lin Chi) sect, 63, 65-67

rNyin-ma school, 172

Samadhi, 27, 47, 221n: basic characteristics of, 202-204; Seven Different types, 204215; Three Successive Stages, 215-219; See also Dhyanas (ch'ans)

Sambhogakaya, 223n

Sambodhi (Cheng-chueh), 162

Samyaksambodhi (Cheng-teng-chueh), 162

San Fung Chang, 212

Sangsara, 44, 87-88, 92, 101, 102, 103, 111, 112, 117, 202, 230n

Satori (Wu), 51-53, 111, 116, 222-223n

Scholar, Confucian, 188

Second Patriarch, 18-19

Seigen Gyoshi, see Hsing ssu

Sekito, see Shih Shuang

Sekito, see Shih Tou

Self-awareness, 42-44, 168-169

Sems ngo, 172

Senzaki, Nyogen, 228n

Serene-reflection meditation, 67-70, 224n

Seven Days' Meditation, 73-85, 224n; and Enlightenment, 77

Seventh (ego) Consciousness, 83, 84, 230n

Seventh Patriarch, see Shen Hui, Master

Shan Hsi Province, 54-56

Shao Lun, 127

Shen Hsiu, 46, 222n

Shen Hui, Master, 75-76, 168

Shen Tsan, Master, 19-20

Shih (matter), 52

Shih, sheng (consciousness and senses), 117

Shih hsuan men (Ten Mysterious Gates), 123-124, 228n

Shih Keng, 152

Shih Shuang, Master, 59

Shih Tan Monastery, 84

Shih Tou, 24-25, 63

Shih Tsung, Emperor, 227-228n

"Silver mountains and iron walls," koans as, 23-24

Six organs, 230

Six Wondrous Entrances to Enlightenment, The (Lu Miao Fa Men), 205

Sixth Consciousness, 83, 84, 211, 232n

Sixth Patriarch, see Hui Neng

Skandhas, 100

Skyed wa med ba (no-birth), 221n

Soto (Tsao Tung) sect, 63, 65-67

Sound Yoga, see Mantrams

Spider, vision of, 218-219

Ssu chu (dead remarks), 226n

Stabilized mind (bSam gTan), 202; See also Dliyanas

Stage of Counting the Breath (in breathing exercise), 205-206

State of wonder (hua chin), 226n

Sthiramati, theory of consciousness, 231n

Stopping the breath (chin shi), 204

Stopping Practice (in breathing exercises), 206-207

Store/Storehouse (Alaya) Consciousness, 115, 169, 216, 222n

Su Tsung, Emperor, 47-48

Su Tung Po, 31-32

"Subduing the Ox," 129, 228n

Sung Dynasty, 31-32, 66, 76, 78

Sunyata (Voidness of the Mind), 44-48, 171-175, 194, 197

Supernatural elements, 54-60

Surangama (Leng Yen) Sutra, 109, 131, 139

Sutra of the All-merciful One, 120

Sutra of the Elucidation of the Hidden Profundity, 216

Sutras, recitation of, 115

Suzuki, D. T., 168, 221n, 223n, 229n, 230n, 231n, 232n, 233n

Szu liao chien (Four Distinctions), 233n

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T through Z

Ta chi ta yung (flexibility), 52, 222n

Ta Huo (The Great Revival), 225n

Ta Hui, 129

Ta Mei, 79-80

Ta Shih Chih (god), 123

Ta Yu (Daigu), 28

Ta-chueh (title), 163

Tai-chi (Primordiality), 212

Takakusu, Junjiro, 231-232n

Tang, period of, 75

Tang Dynasty, 30-31, 47-48, 51, 221n

Tang hsia i nien (instantaneous thought), 13

Tantrism, 172, 204, 209, 210, 235n

Tao, 13, 17-19, 49, 79, 97-98, 103, 109, 112, 146, 147, 159

Tao Tsung, 56

Te Shan, Master, 21, 27, 39, 170

Temple of Gratitude, 14

"10 Bulls" (Kakuan), 173n

Ten Mysterious Gates (shih hsuan men), 123-124, 228n

Ten Suggestions on Zen Practice (Yuan Chin), 69-70, 222n

Teng Yin Feng, 24-25, 40-41, 54-56

Theravada Buddhism, 230n

Thought patterns, human, 189-196

Thoughts, devotional, 213-214

Three Thousand Good Manners, 37

Three Vehicles and the Twelve Divisions, 179

Ti (Essence of the Mind), 44-48

Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation, 215, 224n

Tibetan Tantrism, 172, 204, 209, 210, 235n

Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines, 204, 215, 224n, 234n

Tieh Shan, autobiography of, 164-167

Tien Jan, 220n

Tien Tung, 104

Tilopa (Guru), 160

Ting Fu Pao, 226n

"To revive after death," 95-96, 225n

Tosan, see Tung Shan, Master

Total Enlightenment Sutra, The (Yuan Chiao Chin), 96

Tou Weng, Master, 142

Tou-to, prajna-truth and, 173

Transmission of the Lamp, The, 98

Travel-for-study (tsen fang), 145, 229n

'Treasure guard, the," 104

Trikaya, 54, 223n

Truth (Li), 107, 110

Tsao Tung (Soto) sect, 63-70

Tsen (boring into), 66, 99, 101, 102

Tsen Ch'an (Zan-zen), defined, 226n

Tsen fang (Travel-for-study), 145, 229n

Tsen Zen (Zen work), 145

Tseng Tien Yu, 88, 92-93

Tsu Yuan, 176, 178

Tsung ("The Principle"), 226-227n

Tsung Kao, Master, 8, 65, 66, 225n; Discourses of, 85-94

Tu Hsun, Master, 221n

Tuan Chiao, Master, 154

Tui Keng, 152

Tung Shan, Master, 14, 21, 38-39, 71, 183, 226n

Turning-into, mutual, 229n

Twelve Divisions, 179

Ultimate truth, 158-159

Ummon, see Yun Men

Understanding-Wu (chieh wu), 116

Unintelligibility, problem of, 157-162

Vajra-seat, 135, 229n

Vajrayana (Diamond Vehicle), 172

Vertical Wisdom, 186-187

Vijnaptimatra (Mind-only) philosophy, 168

Vimalakirti Sutra, 37-38

Visions, delusory, 217-219

Voidness of the Mind (Sun-yata), 44-4S, 171-175, 194, 197

Wan Shan, 148, 152

Wen Rung, 90

Wen ta, 35-39

Wen Yuan, 33

Wisdom, perfect, 186-196

Wisdom of Buddhahood, 229n

"Wisdom of Knowing the Thing as It Is, The" (Ju so yu chih), 186-187

Words, mystic, intoning of, 211-212

Wrongdoings, confession of, 115-116

Wu (nothing/nothingness), 69, 72, 73, 142, 224n, 229n

Wu (Satori) experience, 52, 71, 98-99, 111, 116-117, 129, 143-145, 148, 154, 162-165, 229n, 231n

Wu Chi, Master, 122, 123, 124, 126

Wu Chun, 148

Wu Feng, 21-22

Wu hsin (No-mind), 86

Wu insight, see Enlightenment

Wu Men, 18

Wu nien (tranquility of No-thought), 69

Wu sheng (no-birth), 221n

Wu Tai Mountain, 129, 140, 141

Wu Wei (teaching of Not-Doing), 73

Wu Wei Chun Ch'eng (The Five Ranks of Lord and Vassal), 183

Wu Wen, Master, autobiography of, 142-144

Wu Yuan Chi, 54-56

Yellow Dragon Monastery, 150

Yen, King of, 32-33

Yin Feng, see Teng Yin Feng

Yogacara School, 167-171, 216, 225n, 231-232n

"Yogic Commentary" (Chang Chen-chi), 204, 233-234n

Yogis (Zen), kinds of, 116

Yoka, see Yung Chia, Master

Yuan Chiao Chin (The Total Enlightenment Sutra), 96

Yuan Chin, Master, 52, 222n; 'Ten Suggestions on Zen Practice," 69-70, 222n

Yuan of Shuang Lin, Master, 145

Yun Feng, 142

Yun Ku, Master, 123, 125, 126

Yun Men, Master, 56, 100, 106

Yung (outerlayer of mind), 42

Yung Cheng, Emperor, 78-79

Yung Chia, Master, 37-38, 87, 113

Yung Huo (flexible hollowness), 97-98, 226n

Yung Mao Shihi, 91-92

Zan-Zen (tsen ch'an), defined, 226n

Zen (Ch'an) Buddhism: as an art, 26-41; aspects of mind, 41-49; behavioral tests, 35-36, 39-41; to bring disciple to Enlightenment, 26-29; core of, 41-49; difference between Mahayana Buddhism and, 12; as a direct experience, 7-8; discourses of four masters, 72-118; expressing Prajna-Truth, 26-4l; four problems of, 156-184, 230-233n, general review and practice, 62-155; historical background of, 62-67; humor and wit, 26, 31-35; to illustrate teaching, 26, 29-31; koan exercise, 70-72; levels of approach, 15, 16-26; and Madhyamika, 171-175; Mahayana Buddhism and, 12, 157, 171-175; misconceptions about, 49; nature of, 11-61; number of Patriarchs, 64; and the Prajnaparamita, 172-175; serene-reflection, 67-70; spread of, 63-64, 75; style and expression, 11-41; system, order and category of koans, 157, 175-184; as a teaching, 11-14, 26, 29-31, 60-61; testing genuineness and understanding, 27, 35-39; ungraspability and, 14-41; unintelligibility and, 157-162; verbal contests, 35-39; vital points of, 49-61; way of life, 49-61; and Yogacara, 167-171

Zen Buddhism (Suzuki), 231n

Zen-sickness (Ch'an ping), 129, 132, 228-229n

Zen work (tsen Zen), 145

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