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The Practice of Zen
Garma C.C. Chang
Chang Chen-chi (1920-1988)
Book Index
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7 Foreword
26 Zen as a Special Buddhist Art
41 The Core of Zen: Studies in the Three Main Aspects of Mind
49 Four Vital Points in Zen Buddhism
62 A General Review of Zen Practice
72 Discourses of Four Zen Masters:
72 1. Discourses of Master Hsu Yun
85 2. Discourses of Master Tsung Kao
94 3. Discourses of Master Po Shan
111 4. Discourse of Master Han Shan
118 Autobiographies of Five Zen Masters:
118 1. Epitome of Zen Master Han Shan's Autobiography
142 2. Zen Master Wu Wen's Story
144 3. Zen Master Hsueh Yen's Story
148 4. Zen Master Meng Shan's Story
153 5. Zen Master Kao Feng's Story
157 III. THE FOUR PROBLEMS OF ZEN BUDDHISM
157 Is Zen Completely Unintelligible?
162 What is Zen "Enlightenment"?
175 The "Four Distinctions" of Lin Chi
185 The Three Aspects of Buddhahood in Relation to the Six Patterns of Human Thinking
201 A Survey of the Practice of Buddhist Meditation
202 1. The Four Basic Characteristics of Samadhi
204 2. The Seven Different Types of Meditation Practice
215 3. The Three Successive Stages of Meditation
236 BIBLIOGRAPHY
239 APPENDIX
Topic Index
The letter "n" after a page number indicates it is in the Notes (pp 220-235)
A through C
Abrupt enlightenment and gradual practice, 117
"Advance on Meditation" (Hsueh Yen), 164
Alaya (Storehouse Consciousness), 115, 169, 216, 222n; See also Eight Consciousnesses
Anatman (non-ego), 171
Avatamsaka (Hua Yen) Sutra, (Hua Yen Chin scripture), 125, 138, 221n
Awakening of Faith, The, 140
Awareness, 95
Baso, see Ma Tsu
Bean cake maker, song of, 84
Behavioral tests, 35-36
Biographies of the Great Monks, The, 123
Bkah-rgyud-pa (Kagyutpa) school, 160
Bkar-gyud school, 172
Black dragon (li lung), 229n
Bodhi (Chueh), 102, 153, 162, 163, 230n
Bodhidharma, 12, 14, 18-19, 63,64, 66, 71, 159
Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha, 199
Bodhisattva Manjusre, 136
Bodhisattva Vatou, 125
Bodhisattva's Vow, 214
Breathing exercises, 204-208
bSam gTan (stabilized mind), 202
Buddah: on the Dharmas, 113; Indra's appearance before, 109; meaning of term, 185 – 186; Perfections, 186-200; prophecy of, 227n; Ta-chueh, 163; three bodies of, 223n
Buddha Amida, reciting name of, 76, 123, 124, 125
Buddha Maitreya, 227n
Buddha Sakyamuni, 227n
Buddhahood (Atman), 36, 54, 159; meditation and, 9, 185-219, 233-235n; and human thinking patterns, 185-200
Buddhist Bible (Goddard), 222n
Chakras (centers of the body), 209
"Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in China" (Ho Shih), 230, 232
Ch'an Chi (Meditation Assembly), 125-126
Ch'an kuan tse chin (Exhortation on the Advance, Through Ch'an Gates), 231n
Ch'an Yuan Meng Chiao, 223n
Chang (surname), 225n
Chang Chen-chi, 204, 235n
Chang Chin, 51
Chang Lu, 142 Chang Wu Yuen, 90
Ch'ans (Dhyanas), see Samadhi
Chao Chou, Master, 17, 21, 24, 26, 32-33, 36, 40, 49, 51, 71, 72, 98, 99-100, 151, 174, 230n
Chen Chi Jen, 94
Chen Wei Shih Lun (Hsuan Chuang), 168
Cheng wu (realization-Wu), 116, 117-118
Cheng-chueh (Sambodhi), 162
Chi feng, defined, 35
Chi feng wen ta (crucial-verbal-contest), 35-39
Chiao (The Doctrine), 227n
Chieh wu (understanding-Wu), 116
Chien, 51-54
Chih (self-awareness), 168-169
Chih I, Master, 205
Chi shi (stopping the breath), 204
Chih Yueh Lu, 223n
Chin, 116, 232n
Chin of Huai Shang, 142, 143
Chin lu (contemplation in quietude), 202
Chin Shan (Golden Mountain) Monastery. 75, 81-82
Chin so yu chih ("The Wisdom of Knowing All"), 187
Chin Tsu Monastery, 146, 154
Ching Liang, Master, 124, 134-135
Chiu Feng, 14, 59-60, 223n
Chu Chou, 145
Chuang Tzu, 187
Chuang Yuan (champion scholars), 121, 228n
Chueh (Bodhi), 102, 153, 162, 163, 23On
Chung Lao Tze, 143
Circle-running exercise, 75, 77
"Cold Fountain and the Ancient Stream, The" (koan), 233
Conceptualization: danger of, 86-57, 96; Zen objections to, 158-159
Concentrating on-one-point meditation (i nien), 112113, 208-209
"Confucian scholar" (proverb), 188
Congregation-for-Dharma, 137-138
Consciousness, Pure, 43
Consciousnesses, see Eight
Consciousnesses Contemplation in quietude (chin lu), 202
D through F
Daie Soko, see Tsung Kao, Master
Dead remarks (ssu chu), 226n
Dharma, 20, 32, 93, 96, 102, 113, 144, 146, 155, 165, 231n
Dharmadhatu, 159, 193, 233n
Dharmakaya, 58, 87, 223n
Dharmapala, four-portion theory of, 231-232n
Dhyanas (Ch'ans), 11, 75, 96, 166, 227n; See also Samadhi
"Diamond Seat, The," 135, 229
Diamond Sutra, 22, 69, 70
Diamond Vehicle (Vajrayana), 172
"Doctrine, The" (Chiao), 227n
"Domain of Desires, The," 227n
"Domain of Form, The," 227n
"Domain of Non-Form, The," 227n
Doubt-mass (I-t'uan), 225n
Doubt-sensation (I chin), 94-95, 96, 97, 99, 101-111, 150-151, 154, 225n
"Drawing the Bow After the Thief Had Left" (koan), 233n
Ego (Seventh) Consciousness, 83, 84, 230n
Eight Consciousnesses, 83-84, 117, 168, 222n
Eight Negations, 173, 232-233n
Eight Worldly Winds, 32, 22In
Elucidation of the Hidden Profundity Sutra, 235n
Enlightenment, 8, 11, 15, 60, 63, 75, 90, 94, 156, 170, 220n
Eno, see Hui Neng
Esoteric Teachings from the Tibetan Tantra (Chang Chen-chi), 235n
Essence of Buddhism, The (Suzuki), 221 n. 229n, 233n
Essentials of Buddhist Philosophy, The (Takakusa), 231-232n
Essence of the sentence, 164, 23 In
Evans-Wentz, W. Y., 204, 215, 224n, 234n
Examinations, national, 228n
Expression, styles of, 13-14; Explicit-Affirmative koans, 17-21; groups of, 17; Impenetrable-type koans, 17, 23-26; Implicit-Negative koans, 21-23
Fa Hua Sutra. 126
Fa Kuang, Master, 128-129, 132
Fa Yan, 46, 154, 230n
Fa Yen sect, 63
Ferry Monk's koan, 98
Fifth Patriarch, see Hung Jeng Five Positions of the King and the Minister, 163
"Five Ranks of the Lord and Vassal, The" (Wu Wei Chun Ch'eng), 183
Five Skandhas, 100
Flexible hollowness (yung huo), 97-98, 226n
Fo Ying, 31-32
"Following the Breath," 206
Four Distinctions of Lin Chi, 163, 175-184
"Four Unlimited Thoughts, The," 213-214
Fu Ta Shih, 16
G through K
Garland Sutra (Hua Yen Chin), 221n
Gautama Sakyamuni, see Buddha Gensha, see Hsuan Sha
Goddard, Dwight, 222n
Golden Mountain (Chin Shan) Monastery, 75, 81-82
Good will, meditation through, 213-214
Goso Hoen, see Fa Yan
Great Buddhist Dictionary, The (Ting Fu Pao), 226n
Great Ear Tripitaka (monk), 47-48
Great Perfect Wisdom Sutra, 75
"Great Revival, The" (Ta Huo), 225n
Gunin, see Hung Jen
Hai yin san mei (Ocean-seal Samadhi), 149, 229n
Han Shan, Master, 8, 111-142
Heart Sutras, 70
High Heaven (Kao Ming) Monastery, 75, 78
Hinayana Buddhism, 226-227n
Horizontal Wisdom, 186-187
Hsi Lin, Master, 122
Hsiang, 42-44
Hsiang, Lin, 14
Hsiang, Yen, 143, 159
Hsieh Kuo Jan, 93
Hsien hsing (bringing-into-play), 216
Hsin tsung (Mind Doctrine), see Zen Buddhism
Hsing, 51-54
Hsing Ssu, 63
Hsiu, Brother, 146-147
Hsiung Hsu Ya, 93
Hsu Shou Yuan, 90-91
Hsu Tun Li, 86-87, 89-90
Hsu Yun, Master, 8, 70; Discourses of, 72-85, 222n
Hsuan Chuang, 168, 232n
Hsuan Sha, 100-101
Hsueh Feng, 174
Hsueh Yen, Master, 152, 154, 155, 164-165, 166; "Advance on Meditation," 164; autobiography of, 144-148 Hsuen Lang, 131
Hu Nan Province, 54-56
Hua chin, 226n
Hua Yen philosophy, 41, 123-124, 134, 138, 193, 221n, 229n; on ultimate truth, 158-159
Huai Shi, 142
Huang Po, Master. 18, 26, 2729, 58-59, 66-67, 83, 174, 182-183
Huang Po Cheng, 86, 89
Huang Tsao, 56
Hui Chung, Master, 25-26, 47-48, 51
Hui Ming, 20
Hui Neng, 15, 20-21, 23, 3738, 63, 66-67, 75-76. 169, 174, 230n
Human thought, patterns of, 189-196
Hung Chih, 68
Hung Chou, 27
Hung Jeng, 230n
Huo chu, 110, 226n
Hyakujo, see Pai Chang
I chin (doubt-sensation), 94-95, 96, 97, 99, 101-111, 150-151, 154, 225n
I nien (concentrating on-one-point), 112-113, 208-209
I se Pien Shih ("One Form"), 59, 223n I Shan, 21-22
I tzu chueh (One-Word Instruction), 213
I Yang sect, 63
Incantations, intoning of, 211 – 212
Indra (god), 109
Introduction to Zen Buddhism, An (Suzuki), 223n
Isan Reiyu, see I Shan
I-t'uan (doubt-mass), 225n
Jhana, see Zen Buddhism
Jinne, see Shen Hui
Jinshu, see Shen Hsiu
Joshu, see Chao Chou
Ju shih mi shou, 65
Ju so yu chih ("The Wisdom of Knowing the Thing as It Is"), 186-187
Kagyutpa (Bkah-rgyud-pa) school, 160
Kakuan, 173n
Kao Feng, Master, 80-S1, 152-155
Kao Ming (High Heaven) Monastery, 75, 78
Klesas (passions or desires), 230n
Koan (kung-en, Hua Tou), 17-26, 231n; attitude toward supernatural, 58-60; decoding, 13-14; Enlightenment and, 49-51; explicit-affirmative, 17; Ferry Monk's, 98; four distinctions of Lin Chi, 175; impenetrable type, 17; implicit-negative, 17; meaning of, 17, 70-71, 220n; practicing Zen through, 70-72; system of, 225n; wu and, 71, 72
Koan (Hua Tou) exercises,
popularity of, 66
Konin, see Hung Jeng Ku Chan of Chin Tien, Master, 151
K'uei Chi, 170 Kundalini (life force), 213
Kung-an, see Koan Kuo Tze I, Prime Minister, 30-31
Kwan Yin (god), 118, 120, 123
Kwan Yin Yuan Tung (Miraculous Understanding of Avalokitesvara), 130, 229n
Kwung Chou Mountain, 144
L through O
Law of Causation (Karma), 29-30, 149
"Leaving no Trace" (Ferry Monk's koan), 98
Lee (surname), 225n
Lee Hsien Chen, 85-86
Lee Wen Hoo, 90
Leng Yen (Surangama) Sutra, 109, 131, 139
Li (Principle, Troth), 107, 110
Li (reality), 52
Life of Chung Feng, 123
Life force (kundalini), 213
Li-lung (black dragon), 229n
Li wong, 223-224n
Lin Chi, 22-23, 27-29, 56-57, 66-67, 161; Discourse of, 176-178; "Four Distinctions" of, 175-184
Lin Chi (Rinzai) sect, 63, 65-67
Lin Yin Monastery, 145
Ling Chien Lu, 226n
Live remark (huo chu), 110, 226n
Lotus Sutra, 96, 140
Lu Han Mountain, 144
Lu Lung Li, 91
Lu Miao Fa Men (The Six Wondrous Entrances to Enlightenment), 205
Lu Shun Yuan, 87-88
Lung Tan, Master, 27
Lung Ya, 14
Ma Ku, 22-23, 181
Madhyamika School, Zen and, 171-175
Mahakasyapa, 74, 75, 149, 182
Mahamudra, 64, 160, 224n, 230n
Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra, 70
Mahayana Buddhism, 12, 167-171, 188, 191, 193, 199-200, 226-227n
Maitreya Bodhisattva, 136, 229n
Mandala, 211, 235n
Mantrams (holy incantations), 115-116; meditation through, 211-212
Master of Men and Heaven, The (title), 122, 228n
Master of Silence (fraudulent monk), 33-35
Maya, 197
Meditation: basic characteristics of Samadhi, 202-204; breathing exercises, 204-208; Buddhahood and, 9, 185-219, 233-235n; concentrating mind on one point, 208-209; devotional thoughts, 213-214; distracting thoughts and, 216; First Stage, 215-217; Mantram Yoga, 211-212; and patterns of human thought, 189-196; of Pure Land School, 108; Second Stage, 217-219; serene-reflection (mo chao), 67-70; Seven Different Types, 204-215; survey of the practice, 200-219; Three Successive Stages, 215-219; through movement, 212-213; through visualization, 209-211; Yogacara school, 170
Meditation Assembly (Ch'an Chi), 125-126
Meditation seats, 88, 225n
Meditators' House (Par Pong Lamasary), 217-218
Meng Shan, Master, 148, 154, 166
Miao Feng, 126-130, 134-135, 138, 139
Miao Kao Feng, 164
Middle Way, 172
Mind, aspects of, 41-48, 172-175
Mind Doctrine (hsin tsung), see Zen Buddhism
Mind, Essence of (ti), 44 – 48
Mind Essence, meditation through, 214-215
Mind-essence Practice, 172
Mind-only (Vijnaptimatra) philosophy, 168
Mind, organ of, 230n
Mind – the Source of All Dharma (Tsu Yuan), 178
Minds and outer objects (chin), 116
Ming Che, 38-39
Miraculous powers, Enlightenment and, 59
Miraculous Understanding of Avalokitesvara (Kwan Yin Yuan Tung), 130, 229n
"Mirror of Long Yen, The" (Han Shan), 139
Mo chao ch'an (serene-reflection), 67-70
Moksha (Nirvana), 36
Mount Ching Liang, 54-56
Movement, meditation through, 212-213
Movement, Primordial (tai-chi), 212
Nan Chuan (Nansen), 17-18, 22, 49, 79; monastery of, 24
Nanyo Echu, see Hui Chung, Master
Naropa, 160
Nirmanakaya, 223n
Nirvana, 36, 43-44, 74, 88, 171, 203, 227n, 230n
No-birth, Essence of, 37, 38, 221n
No-birth, 22In
No-mind (wu lisin), 86
Non-abiding Middle Way Doctrine, 44
Non-ego, theory of (anatman), 171
"Non-form, The Domain of," 227(1
"Not to speak too plainly" (pu-shuo po), 161, 230n
Nothing/Nothingness (Wu), 69, 72, 73, 142, 224n, 229n
No-thought, tranquility of (wu nien), 69
Not-Doing, teaching of (Wu Wei), 73
Obaku, see Huang Po, Master
Observation, defined, 76
Observation of mind in tranquility, 67-70
"Observation on the Mind-only Doctrine in Five Steps," 170
Observation Practice, 206-207
Ocean-seal Samadhi (Hai yin san mei), 149, 229n
"One Form" (I se Pien Shih), 59, 223n
One thought (i nien), concentration on, 112-113, 208-209
One-Word Instruction (I izu chueh), 213
Ox, subduing the, 129, 228n
Oxherding Pictures, 163
P through S
Pai Chang, 19-20, 21-22, 2930, 53
Pang Wen, 54, 58
Pao En, monastery of, 122
Pao Fang, Master, 98
Pao Kuang (Precious Light) Monastery, 75
Par Pong Lamasary, 217-218
Phoenix, the, 220n
Plain feeling, Zen and, 12-13
Po Shan, Master, 8, 51, 94-111, 225n
Practice (hsing), 51-54
Prajna, 112, 153, 196; power of, 149
Prajna, 168-169, 196
Prajna of Eight Thousand Verses, 70
Prajnaparamita, 194, 197,219, 224n, meditation of, 69; Zen and, 172-175
Prajnaparamita-hrdaya Sutra, 175, 233n
Prajnaparamita Sutras, 70
Prajna-Truth, 15-41, 173, 179
Prana, 204, 234n
Precious Light (Pao Kuang) Monastery, 75
Primordial Movement, 212 – 213
Primordiality (Tai-chi), 212
Principle (Li), 107, 110
"Principle, The" (Tsung), 226-227/t
"Principle of the Identicalness of Mind and Prana," 204-208
Principle of the Three, 163
Protector-of-Dharma, 218
Pseudo-Zen experiences, 73-79
Pu Hua, Master, 56-58
Pu Yuan, Master, 40
Pure Consciousness, 43
Pure Land School, 76, 108
Purity Practice (in breathing exercises), 207
Pu-shuo-po (not to speak too plainly), 161, 230n
Rationalization, dangers of, 96-97
Reality, 51-54
Realization-Wu (cheng wu), 116, 117-118
Realizing the Count of Breath (in breathing exercises), 206
Red Nose, 166
"Resembling-Wu," 116
Returning Practice (in breathing exercises), 207
Rinzai, see Lin Chi Rinzai (Lin Chi) sect, 63, 65-67
rNyin-ma school, 172
Samadhi, 27, 47, 221n: basic characteristics of, 202-204; Seven Different types, 204215; Three Successive Stages, 215-219; See also Dhyanas (ch'ans)
Sambhogakaya, 223n
Sambodhi (Cheng-chueh), 162
Samyaksambodhi (Cheng-teng-chueh), 162
San Fung Chang, 212
Sangsara, 44, 87-88, 92, 101, 102, 103, 111, 112, 117, 202, 230n
Satori (Wu), 51-53, 111, 116, 222-223n
Scholar, Confucian, 188
Second Patriarch, 18-19
Seigen Gyoshi, see Hsing ssu
Sekito, see Shih Shuang
Sekito, see Shih Tou
Self-awareness, 42-44, 168-169
Sems ngo, 172
Senzaki, Nyogen, 228n
Serene-reflection meditation, 67-70, 224n
Seven Days' Meditation, 73-85, 224n; and Enlightenment, 77
Seventh (ego) Consciousness, 83, 84, 230n
Seventh Patriarch, see Shen Hui, Master
Shan Hsi Province, 54-56
Shao Lun, 127
Shen Hsiu, 46, 222n
Shen Hui, Master, 75-76, 168
Shen Tsan, Master, 19-20
Shih (matter), 52
Shih, sheng (consciousness and senses), 117
Shih hsuan men (Ten Mysterious Gates), 123-124, 228n
Shih Keng, 152
Shih Shuang, Master, 59
Shih Tan Monastery, 84
Shih Tou, 24-25, 63
Shih Tsung, Emperor, 227-228n
"Silver mountains and iron walls," koans as, 23-24
Six organs, 230
Six Wondrous Entrances to Enlightenment, The (Lu Miao Fa Men), 205
Sixth Consciousness, 83, 84, 211, 232n
Sixth Patriarch, see Hui Neng
Skandhas, 100
Skyed wa med ba (no-birth), 221n
Soto (Tsao Tung) sect, 63, 65-67
Sound Yoga, see Mantrams
Spider, vision of, 218-219
Ssu chu (dead remarks), 226n
Stabilized mind (bSam gTan), 202; See also Dliyanas
Stage of Counting the Breath (in breathing exercise), 205-206
State of wonder (hua chin), 226n
Sthiramati, theory of consciousness, 231n
Stopping the breath (chin shi), 204
Stopping Practice (in breathing exercises), 206-207
Store/Storehouse (Alaya) Consciousness, 115, 169, 216, 222n
Su Tsung, Emperor, 47-48
Su Tung Po, 31-32
"Subduing the Ox," 129, 228n
Sung Dynasty, 31-32, 66, 76, 78
Sunyata (Voidness of the Mind), 44-48, 171-175, 194, 197
Supernatural elements, 54-60
Surangama (Leng Yen) Sutra, 109, 131, 139
Sutra of the All-merciful One, 120
Sutra of the Elucidation of the Hidden Profundity, 216
Sutras, recitation of, 115
Suzuki, D. T., 168, 221n, 223n, 229n, 230n, 231n, 232n, 233n
Szu liao chien (Four Distinctions), 233n
T through Z
Ta chi ta yung (flexibility), 52, 222n
Ta Huo (The Great Revival), 225n
Ta Hui, 129
Ta Mei, 79-80
Ta Shih Chih (god), 123
Ta Yu (Daigu), 28
Ta-chueh (title), 163
Tai-chi (Primordiality), 212
Takakusu, Junjiro, 231-232n
Tang, period of, 75
Tang Dynasty, 30-31, 47-48, 51, 221n
Tang hsia i nien (instantaneous thought), 13
Tantrism, 172, 204, 209, 210, 235n
Tao, 13, 17-19, 49, 79, 97-98, 103, 109, 112, 146, 147, 159
Tao Tsung, 56
Te Shan, Master, 21, 27, 39, 170
Temple of Gratitude, 14
"10 Bulls" (Kakuan), 173n
Ten Mysterious Gates (shih hsuan men), 123-124, 228n
Ten Suggestions on Zen Practice (Yuan Chin), 69-70, 222n
Teng Yin Feng, 24-25, 40-41, 54-56
Theravada Buddhism, 230n
Thought patterns, human, 189-196
Thoughts, devotional, 213-214
Three Thousand Good Manners, 37
Three Vehicles and the Twelve Divisions, 179
Ti (Essence of the Mind), 44-48
Tibetan Book of the Great Liberation, 215, 224n
Tibetan Tantrism, 172, 204, 209, 210, 235n
Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines, 204, 215, 224n, 234n
Tieh Shan, autobiography of, 164-167
Tien Jan, 220n
Tien Tung, 104
Tilopa (Guru), 160
Ting Fu Pao, 226n
"To revive after death," 95-96, 225n
Tosan, see Tung Shan, Master
Total Enlightenment Sutra, The (Yuan Chiao Chin), 96
Tou Weng, Master, 142
Tou-to, prajna-truth and, 173
Transmission of the Lamp, The, 98
Travel-for-study (tsen fang), 145, 229n
'Treasure guard, the," 104
Trikaya, 54, 223n
Truth (Li), 107, 110
Tsao Tung (Soto) sect, 63-70
Tsen (boring into), 66, 99, 101, 102
Tsen Ch'an (Zan-zen), defined, 226n
Tsen fang (Travel-for-study), 145, 229n
Tsen Zen (Zen work), 145
Tseng Tien Yu, 88, 92-93
Tsu Yuan, 176, 178
Tsung ("The Principle"), 226-227n
Tsung Kao, Master, 8, 65, 66, 225n; Discourses of, 85-94
Tu Hsun, Master, 221n
Tuan Chiao, Master, 154
Tui Keng, 152
Tung Shan, Master, 14, 21, 38-39, 71, 183, 226n
Turning-into, mutual, 229n
Twelve Divisions, 179
Ultimate truth, 158-159
Ummon, see Yun Men
Understanding-Wu (chieh wu), 116
Unintelligibility, problem of, 157-162
Vajra-seat, 135, 229n
Vajrayana (Diamond Vehicle), 172
Vertical Wisdom, 186-187
Vijnaptimatra (Mind-only) philosophy, 168
Vimalakirti Sutra, 37-38
Visions, delusory, 217-219
Voidness of the Mind (Sun-yata), 44-4S, 171-175, 194, 197
Wan Shan, 148, 152
Wen Rung, 90
Wen ta, 35-39
Wen Yuan, 33
Wisdom, perfect, 186-196
Wisdom of Buddhahood, 229n
"Wisdom of Knowing the Thing as It Is, The" (Ju so yu chih), 186-187
Words, mystic, intoning of, 211-212
Wrongdoings, confession of, 115-116
Wu (nothing/nothingness), 69, 72, 73, 142, 224n, 229n
Wu (Satori) experience, 52, 71, 98-99, 111, 116-117, 129, 143-145, 148, 154, 162-165, 229n, 231n
Wu Chi, Master, 122, 123, 124, 126
Wu Chun, 148
Wu Feng, 21-22
Wu hsin (No-mind), 86
Wu insight, see Enlightenment
Wu Men, 18
Wu nien (tranquility of No-thought), 69
Wu sheng (no-birth), 221n
Wu Tai Mountain, 129, 140, 141
Wu Wei (teaching of Not-Doing), 73
Wu Wei Chun Ch'eng (The Five Ranks of Lord and Vassal), 183
Wu Wen, Master, autobiography of, 142-144
Wu Yuan Chi, 54-56
Yellow Dragon Monastery, 150
Yen, King of, 32-33
Yin Feng, see Teng Yin Feng
Yogacara School, 167-171, 216, 225n, 231-232n
"Yogic Commentary" (Chang Chen-chi), 204, 233-234n
Yogis (Zen), kinds of, 116
Yoka, see Yung Chia, Master
Yuan Chiao Chin (The Total Enlightenment Sutra), 96
Yuan Chin, Master, 52, 222n; 'Ten Suggestions on Zen Practice," 69-70, 222n
Yuan of Shuang Lin, Master, 145
Yun Feng, 142
Yun Ku, Master, 123, 125, 126
Yun Men, Master, 56, 100, 106
Yung (outerlayer of mind), 42
Yung Cheng, Emperor, 78-79
Yung Chia, Master, 37-38, 87, 113
Yung Huo (flexible hollowness), 97-98, 226n
Yung Mao Shihi, 91-92
Zan-Zen (tsen ch'an), defined, 226n
Zen (Ch'an) Buddhism: as an art, 26-41; aspects of mind, 41-49; behavioral tests, 35-36, 39-41; to bring disciple to Enlightenment, 26-29; core of, 41-49; difference between Mahayana Buddhism and, 12; as a direct experience, 7-8; discourses of four masters, 72-118; expressing Prajna-Truth, 26-4l; four problems of, 156-184, 230-233n, general review and practice, 62-155; historical background of, 62-67; humor and wit, 26, 31-35; to illustrate teaching, 26, 29-31; koan exercise, 70-72; levels of approach, 15, 16-26; and Madhyamika, 171-175; Mahayana Buddhism and, 12, 157, 171-175; misconceptions about, 49; nature of, 11-61; number of Patriarchs, 64; and the Prajnaparamita, 172-175; serene-reflection, 67-70; spread of, 63-64, 75; style and expression, 11-41; system, order and category of koans, 157, 175-184; as a teaching, 11-14, 26, 29-31, 60-61; testing genuineness and understanding, 27, 35-39; ungraspability and, 14-41; unintelligibility and, 157-162; verbal contests, 35-39; vital points of, 49-61; way of life, 49-61; and Yogacara, 167-171
Zen Buddhism (Suzuki), 231n
Zen-sickness (Ch'an ping), 129, 132, 228-229n
Zen work (tsen Zen), 145